Participant observation also reflects anthropology’s dual nature as both a scientific and a humanistic discipline (学科). Through the stress on participation and getting the insider’s view, anthropologists of (36) become personally involved with their subjects. They show a humanistic concern for the people they study, and (37) their attempts to understand and describe people’s behavior they help give outsiders a rich appreciation for other people and others’ ways. (38) , with its stress on observation, anthropologists strive to fulfill the requirements of a scientific discipline. Anthropologists strive for objectivity and accuracy. They often (39) count, for example, the number of times specific behavior patterns occur and under what (40) ;they use this data for empirical (经验主义的) studies that integrate their observations into general laws of human behavior.
Understanding anthropology requires understanding its dual nature. Perhaps two inelegant (41) useful terms borrowed from linguistics will help. Emit refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) through which the bearers of a particular culture perceive the world. Epic refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) used by Western social scientists to explain the world. (42) , the emit view is the insider’s view. Pierre’s emit view of his death, for example, is that he died from the power of the sorcerer; the anthropologist’s epic view is that he died from physiological effects of fear, (43) by his belief in the sorcerer. Both views are (44) under the proper circumstances, but anthropology requires that they be clearly distinguished from each other because they derive from different methodologies, (45) of different kinds of data, and lead to different types of knowledge. Together they facilitate a complete understanding of a culture. Anthropology’s unique-ness lies in the fact that it encompasses them both.
A. valid I. social
B. in other words J. induced
C. hay K. consist
D. actually L. necessity
E. indine M. puzzle
F. circumstances N. nevertheless
G. for example O. through
H. but